The lightweight of automobile is to reduce the servicing quality of automobile as much as possible under the premise of ensuring the strength and safety performance of automobile, so as to improve the power of automobile, reduce fuel consumption and reduce exhaust pollution. Experiments show that the fuel consumption will be reduced by nearly half if the vehicle mass is reduced by half. Due to the need of environmental protection and energy conservation, the lightweight of automobile has become the trend of the world's automobile development.
1、 Industry assistance, lightweight technology is an important development direction of the automobile industry
"Made in China 2025" emphasizes that "lightweight is still the top priority" in the overall planning of automobile development; In 2016, the China Society of Automotive Engineering released the road map of energy conservation and new energy vehicle technology, pointing out that the lightweight technology of automobile will become one of the key development goals of the automobile industry in the future. Among them, the weight of the whole vehicle will be reduced by an average of 20% by 2025, the proportion of automobile steel will account for 30% of the total weight of the vehicle, the amount of aluminum alloy for single vehicle will reach 250 kg, the amount of magnesium for single vehicle will reach 25 kg, and the amount of carbon fiber will account for 2% of the total weight of the vehicle, The specific target of vehicle lightweight is put forward
2、 The ban on the sale of fuel vehicles around the world is approaching, so it is urgent to lighten them
European region first: the European Commission proposed in the European 2020 Strategy that it would gradually form industrial competitiveness based on a green and low-carbon economy, guided by "innovation" and "green"; The Road Map to a Competitive Low-Carbon Economy in 2050 also proposed that the carbon emissions of the EU in 2050 should be reduced by 80% to 95% compared with 1990. Rome, Italy, will ban the sale of diesel cars as early as 2024, and then the Netherlands and Norway will start to ban the sale of fuel cars in 2025. In March 2019, Hainan Province put forward a timetable for "banning the sale of fuel vehicles" in 2030, and won the official announcement in June 2020, marking the first shot of China's ban on the sale of fuel vehicles. In the future, with the improvement of the requirements of global environmental protection standards, the time of banning sales in various regions of China will be pushed forward, and vehicle lightweight will become an important way to save energy and reduce emissions.
3、 Aluminum has obvious advantages in automobile lightweight
Aluminum alloy is one of the most widely used nonferrous metal structural materials in industry. Its physical properties are low density, high strength and good plasticity. It can be processed into various profiles. It has excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance, and is widely used in industry. The downstream of aluminum alloy is mainly concentrated in the fields of automobile manufacturing, construction and structure, mechanical manufacturing, and electronic products. Aluminum alloy is mainly applied in various fields with two products: cast aluminum alloy and deformed aluminum alloy.
Tesla leads the lightweight of new energy vehicles. As a leading enterprise in the field of new energy vehicles, Tesla has continued to increase its weight in the light of new energy vehicles, has a very deep technical foundation, and has lightened its models in many ways. On the body bracket, Tesla ModelS uses the all-aluminum alloy body to effectively reduce the body weight;
Weilai Automobile is the wind vane of domestic new energy vehicle lightweight. As a star brand of new energy vehicles in China, Weilai Automobile has also achieved certain results in the field of light weight of new energy vehicles. The Vera ES8 body uses the advanced automotive aluminum alloy of Novelis. The weight of the all-aluminum body is about 40% lower than that of the traditional steel body. Finally, the weight of the body in white is only 335kg, and the aluminum rate of the body reaches 95.8%, which is the highest in the world.
According to the lightweight goal of the Strategic Advisory Committee on the Technology Roadmap of Energy Saving and New Energy Vehicles, in 2020/2025/2030, the weight will be reduced by 10%/20%/35% respectively compared with 2015, the proportion of high-strength steel applications will be increased, the single vehicle consumption of aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy and carbon fiber materials will be increased, and the cost of materials will be reduced. According to the statistics of the International Aluminum Industry Association, the aluminum consumption of China's fuel vehicles, pure electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles in 2019 was 128/143/189Kg. In view of the more urgent demand for lightweight of new energy vehicles, the International Aluminum Association predicts that the aluminum consumption per vehicle of new energy vehicles will reach 227Kg by 2025, and the aluminum consumption per vehicle of traditional fuel vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles in the same period will be 180/238Kg.
Therefore, aluminum has achieved a decisive feature and irreplaceable role in automobile lightweight, with obvious advantages. From January to December 2020, the aluminum consumption of China's automobile market was 3.2751 million tons. It is predicted that the aluminum consumption of China's automobile industry will increase from 3.8 million tons in 2018 to 9.1 million tons in 2030, with a CAGR of 8.9%. In 2030, the aluminum consumption of freight cars and new energy vehicles will reach 1.4 million tons, with a compound annual growth rate of 11%.
In the next few years, we will vigorously develop automobile lightweight, and invest in the construction of automobile lightweight chassis, battery, etc., which will become the next wind. We believe that many aluminum industries will also gain a lot of investment and return by virtue of this momentum.
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